Origins of Satellite-System Building Blocks I: Solid Delivery During Jupiter's Growth

arXiv:2611.14733v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Jupiter's satellites formed within a circumplanetary disk (CPD), but the origin and delivery of the solids from which they accreted remain uncertain. Here, we investigate the delivery of planetesimal material to the CPD while consistently accounting for the growth of Jupiter and the evolution of its surrounding planetesimal reservoir. Using N-body simulations coupled to an evolving CPD model, we quantify the solid mass supplied through planetesimal ablation and direct capture. We find that, although proto-Jupiter rapidly opens a gap in the planetesimal disk, planetesimals continue to enter the CPD for more than 1 Myr. Under efficient ablation, the mass deposited in the CPD can reach approximately 1 Me, about one order of magnitude higher than the mass delivered through direct capture. However, the low efficiency of pebble accretion within the CPD implies that forming the Galilean satellites from ablated material alone may require a very large pebble reservoir. Directly captured planetesimals, despite contributing less total mass, can instead provide satellitesimals that grow through mutual collisions and serve as seeds for subsequent pebble accretion.